(1) Any person who drives a motor vehicle on a road recklessly or at a speed or in a manner which having regard to all the circumstances (including the nature, condition and size of the road and the amount of traffic which is or might be expected to be on the road) is dangerous to the public shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment for a term *not exceeding five years and to a fine of not less than five thousand ringgit and not more than fifteen thousand ringgit and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years and to a fine of not less than ten thousand ringgit and not more than twenty thousand ringgit.

(2) The court shall order particulars of any conviction under this section to be endorsed on any driving licence held by the person convicted.

(3) A person convicted under this section shall be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of not less than **two years from the date of the conviction and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, be disqualified for a period of ten years from the date of the conviction.

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a person who is a holder of a probationary driving licence is convicted under this section, the court shall revoke his driving licence.

(1) A person who drives a motor vehicle on a road without due care and attention or without reasonable consideration for another persons using the road shall be guilty of an offence and *shall on conviction be punished with a fine of not less than four thousand ringgit and not more than ten thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months.

(2) The court shall, (unless for any special reason it thinks fit to order otherwise), order particulars of any conviction under this section to be endorsed on any driving licence held by the person convicted.

(3) On a second or subsequent conviction under this section, the court shall exercise the power conferred by this Part ordering that the offender shall be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence unless the court having regard to the lapse of time since the date of the previous or last previous conviction or for any other reason (which reason shall be stated in the order), thinks fit to order otherwise, but this provision shall not be construed as affecting the right of the court to exercise the power aforesaid on a first conviction.

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a person who is a holder of a probationary driving licence is convicted under this section, the court shall revoke his driving licence.

(1) Any person who, when driving a motor vehicle on a road or other public place-

(a) is under the influence of intoxicating liquor or drug, to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle; or

(b) has so much alcohol in his body that the proportion of it in his breath, blood or urine exceeds the prescribed limit, and causes the death of or injury to any person shall be guilty of an offence and *shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment for a term of not less than three years and not more than ten years and to a fine of not less than eight thousand ringgit and not more than twenty thousand ringgit.

(2) The court shall order particulars of any conviction under this section to be endorsed on any driving licence held by the person convicted.

(3) A person convicted under this section shall be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for a period of **not less than five years from the date of the conviction and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, be disqualified for a period of ten years from the date of the conviction.

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a person who is a holder of a probationary driving licence is convicted under this section, the court shall revoke his driving licence.

(5) Notwithstanding anything in any written law for the time being in force, the court before which a person is charged with an offence under this section shall order the immediate confiscation of the driving licence of that person and shall order the suspension of the licence commencing from the date the charge is first read to that person and such suspension shall have effect-

(a) until the court makes a final decision on the charge; and

(b) as if the suspension is the suspension referred to in section 32.

(5A) If the driving licence of the person referred to in subsection (5) is incorporated in a multipurpose electronic card or device, the order of the court under that subsection shall be deemed to have been complied with if the particulars of the order are included in the database maintained by or on behalf of the Director General of driving licences granted under this Act and holders of such driving licences.

(5B) Notwithstanding subsection (5A), the Director may direct the person referred to in subsection (5) to surrender, within such period as the Director may specify, the multipurpose electronic card or device in which the driving licence is incorporated to him, or to a road transport officer authorized in writing in that behalf by the Director General, for the inclusion in the data stored in the card or device the particulars of the order of the court made under subsection (5) and the Director or such authorized officer shall, after such inclusion, immediately return the card or device to the person.

(1) Any person who when in charge of a motor vehicle which is on a road or other public place, but not driving the vehicle, is unfit to drive in that he is under the influence of intoxicating liquor or of a drug to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of a motor vehicle, shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with a fine not exceeding *one thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, a fine of not less than two thousand ringgit and not more than six thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months:

Provided that a person shall be deemed for the purpose of this section not to have been in charge of a motor vehicle if he proves-

(a) that at the material time the circumstances were such that there was no likelihood of his driving the vehicle so long as he remained so unfit to drive; and

(b) that between his becoming so unfit to drive and the material time he had not driven the vehicle on a road or other public place.

(2) On a second or subsequent conviction of an offence under this section, the offender shall, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order otherwise and without prejudice to the power of the court to order a longer period of disqualification, be disqualified for a period of twelve months from the date of conviction from holding or obtaining a driving licence.

(3) Where a person convicted of an offence under this section has been previously convicted of an offence under section 44, he shall be treated for the purpose of this section as having been previously convicted under this section.

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a person who is a holder of a probationary driving licence is convicted under this section, the court shall thereupon revoke his driving licence.

(1) Any person who, when driving or attempting to drive a motor vehicle or when in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or other public place, has so much alcohol in his body that the proportion of it in his breath, blood or urine exceeds the prescribed limit, shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with a fine of *not less than one thousand ringgit and not more than six thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, a fine of not less than two thousand ringgit and not more than ten thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years.

(2) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (1) to prove that at the material time the circumstances were such that there was no likelihood of his driving the vehicle whilst the proportion of alcohol in his breath, blood or urine remained likely to exceed the prescribed limit.

(3) On a second or subsequent conviction of an offence under this section, the offender shall, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order otherwise and without prejudice to the power of the court to order a longer period of disqualification, be disqualified for a period of not less than twelve months from the date of conviction from holding or obtaining a driving licence.

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a person who is a holder of a probationary driving licence is convicted under this section, the court shall thereupon revoke his driving licence.

(1) Where a police officer in uniform has reasonable cause to suspect-

(a) that a person has committed an offence under section 44 or 45 involving intoxicating liquor or under section 45A; or

(b) that a person was the driver of or attempted to drive or was in charge of a motor vehicle in an accident involving one or more vehicles on a road or other public place, he may, subject to section 45D, require that person to provide a specimen of breath for a breath test.

(2) A person may be required under subsection (1) to provide a specimen either at or near the place where the requirement is made or, if the requirement is made under paragraph (1)(b) and the police officer making the requirement thinks fit, at a police station specified by the police officer.

(3) A breath test required under subsection (1) shall be conducted by the police officer making the requirement or any other police officer.

(4) A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to provide a specimen of breath when required to do so in pursuance of this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with a fine of *not less than one thousand ringgit and not more than six thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, a fine of not less than two thousand ringgit and not more than ten thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years.

(4A) On a second or subsequent conviction of an offence under this section, the offender shall, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order otherwise and without prejudice to the power of the court to order a longer period of disqualification, be disqualified for a period of not less than twelve months from the date of conviction from holding or obtaining a driving licence.

(4B) Notwithstanding subsections (4) and (4A), where a person who is a holder of a probationary driving licence is convicted under this section, the court shall revoke his driving licence.

(5) A police officer in uniform may arrest a person without warrant if-

(a) as a result of a breath test he has reasonable cause to suspect that the proportion of alcohol in that person's breath, blood or urine exceeds the prescribed limit; or

(b) that person has failed to provide a specimen of breath for a breath test when required to do so in pursuance of this section and the police officer has reasonable cause to suspect that he has alcohol in his body, but a person shall not be arrested by virtue of this subsection when he is at a hospital as a patient.

(1) In the course of an investigation whether a person has committed an offence under section 44 or 45 involving intoxicating liquor or under section 45A a police officer may, subject to the provisions of this section and to section 45D, require him-

(a) to provide two specimens of breath for analysis by means of a prescribed breathanalyser; or

(b) to provide a specimen of blood or urine for a laboratory test, notwithstanding that he has been required to provide a specimen of breath for a breath test under subsection 45B(1).

(2) A requirement under this section to provide a specimen of breath can only be made at a police station.

(3) A breath test under this section shall only be conducted by a police officer not below the rank of sergeant or by an officer in charge of a police station and shall only be conducted at a police station.

(4) A requirement under this section to provide a specimen of blood or urine can only be made at a police station or at a hospital, but it cannot be made at a police station unless-

(a) the police officer making the requirement has reasonable cause to believe that for medical reasons a specimen of breath cannot be provided or should not be required;

(b) at the time the requirement is made, the prescribed breathanalyser is not available at the police station or it is for any other reason not practicable to use the breathanalyser, and may be made notwithstanding that the person required to provide the specimen has already provided or been required to provide two specimens of breath.

(5) Where a specimen other than a specimen of breath is required, the police officer making the requirement shall, subject to medical advice, decide whether it is to be a specimen of blood or urine.

(6) A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to provide a specimen when required to do so in pursuance of this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be punished with a fine of *not less than one thousand ringgit and not more than six thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, a fine of not less than two thousand ringgit and not more than ten thousand ringgit and shall also be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years.

(6A) On a second or subsequent conviction of an offence under this section, the offender shall, unless the court for special reasons thinks fit to order otherwise and without prejudice to the power of the court to order a longer period of disqualification, be disqualified for a period of not less than twelve months from the date of conviction from holding or obtaining a driving licence.

(6B) Notwithstanding subsections (6) and (6A), where a person who is a holder of a probationary driving licence is convicted under this section, the court shall revoke his driving licence.

(1) A person who is at a hospital as a patient shall not be required to provide a specimen for a breath test or to provide a specimen of blood or urine for a laboratory test unless the registered medical practitioner in immediate charge of his case authorizes it and the specimen is to be provided at the hospital.

(2) The registered medical practitioner referred to in subsection (1) shall not authorize a specimen to be taken where it would be prejudicial to the proper care and treatment of the patient.

(1) A person required to provide a specimen of breath, blood or urine may be detained at a police station until it appears to a police officer that were that person then driving or attempting to drive a motor vehicle on a road, he would not be committing an offence under section 44 or 45 involving intoxicating liquor or under section 45A, but such period of detention shall not exceed twenty-four hours.

(2) A person shall not be detained in pursuance of this section if it appears to a police officer that by reason of his condition there is no likelihood of his driving or attempting to drive a motor vehicle.

(1) In proceedings for an offence under section 44 or 45 involving intoxicating liquor or in proceedings for an offence under section 45A, evidence of the proportion of alcohol in a specimen of breath, blood or urine provided by the accused shall be taken into account and it shall be assumed that the proportion of alcohol in the accused's breath, blood or urine at the time of the alleged offence was not less than in the specimen; but the assumption shall not be made if the accused proves-

(a) that he consumed alcohol after he had ceased to drive, attempt to drive or be in charge of a motor vehicle on a road or other public place and before he provided the specimen; and

(b) that had he not done so the proportion of alcohol in his breath, blood or urine would not have exceeded the prescribed limit and, if the proceedings are for an offence under section 44 or 45 involving intoxicating liquor, would not have been such as to make him incapable of having proper control of the vehicle.

(2) Evidence of the proportion of alcohol in a specimen of breath, blood or urine may, subject to subsections (4) and (5), be given by the production of a document or documents purporting to be either-

(a) a statement automatically produced by a prescribed breathanalyser and a certificate signed by a police officer (which may but need not be contained in the same document as the statement) that the statement relates to a specimen provided by the accused at the date and time shown in the statement; or

(b) a certificate signed by a government medical practitioner or government chemist as to the proportion of alcohol found in a specimen of blood or urine identified in the certificate.

(3) A specimen of blood shall be disregarded unless it was taken from the accused by a government medical officer; and evidence that a specimen of blood was so taken may be given by the production of a document purporting to certify that fact and signed by a government medical officer.

(4) A document purporting to be such a statement or such a certificate, or both, as is mentioned in subsection (2) is admissible in evidence on behalf of the prosecution in pursuance of this section only if a copy of it either has been handed to the accused when the document was produced or has been served on him not later than seven days before the hearing, and any other document is so admissible only if a copy of it has been served on the accused not later than seven days before the hearing; but a document purporting to be a certificate (or so much of a document as purports to be a certificate) is not so admissible if the accused, not later than three days before the hearing or within such further time as the court may in special circumstances allow, has served notice on the prosecution requiring the attendance at the hearing of the person by whom the document purports to be signed.

(5) Where, at the time a specimen of blood or urine was provided by the accused, he asked to be supplied with such a specimen, evidence of the proportion of alcohol in the specimen is not admissible on behalf of the prosecution unless-

(a) the specimen in which the alcohol was found is one of two parts into which the specimen provided by the accused was divided at the time it was provided; and

(b) the other part was supplied to the accused.

(6) A copy of a certificate required by this section to be served on the accused or a notice required by this section to be served on the prosecution may be served personally or sent by registered post.